Introduction: In this episode of “Unlocking the Energy Trilemma” podcast, Ravi from the U.S., JAM from Spain, and our guest Simon Michaux from Finland take a fresh look at the energy transition. Simon, a senior scientist at the Geological Survey of Finland with nearly two decades of experience in mining and research, joins us to explore two major challenges: the scarcity of technology-critical minerals and the global shift away from fossil fuels. Click on the link above to listen to the full podcast.

Can you share a data point or figure that really stands out to you when it comes to the energy transition—something that ties into the energy trilemma?
From your perspective, which minerals are absolutely essential for making the green transition happen?
You mentioned copper—what about others like lithium, cobalt, nickel, or even graphite and the platinum group metals? Do they all play a role too?
When we think about replacing fossil fuels with solar panels and wind turbines, do we actually have enough of the raw and critical materials needed to make that happen at scale?
Are current extraction methods sustainable to meet some of the long-term energy goals?
What about the costs of the environment, regulations, CAPEX, OPEX, and mining economics? Do you perceive any particular supply chain risks or issues in these areas? Can you just shed some light on that at a high level for our audience?
What risks do Western economies face as they proceed with the energy transition in light of the current global tensions, particularly with China leading the world in rare earths and battery materials?
Is there a realistic way to reduce the West’s dependence on China for the critical materials?
How can a circular economy or recycling help prevent shortages and ease some of the challenges that you mentioned?
If you had a magic wand, what would you do to unlock the energy trilemma?